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Pheromone traps can detect the birth of pests or alert foresters to outbreaks. For instance, the spruce budworm, a damaging pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian woods for several decades.22 In certain regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of woods are coated with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the harm generated during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals go to or create their house in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban places. Some contaminate foodstuffs, damage structural timbers, chew through fabrics or infest stored dry goods. Some inflict great economic loss, others take diseases or cause fire dangers, and a few are just a nuisance. Control of these pests has been attempted by improving sanitation and garbage control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing insects such as insects and rodents. Historically, local people or compensated rat-catchers captured and killed rodents using dogs and seals.25 On a national scale, sticky flypapers are used to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects may be trapped using these means as pheromones, synthetic volatile substances or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; some have a sticky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be murdered by suitably baited spring traps and can be captured in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be employed to establish routes used by rodents inside buildings and acoustic apparatus can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, firearms have been one of the primary methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specially designed to fire .22 grade snake taken or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for snakes, rodents, birds, and other pest. Garden Guns are short range weapons that can do little damage beyond 15 to 20 yards, and they are relatively silent when fired with snake shot, compared to some standard ammunition.

They are also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shot cartridge is .22 Long Rifle packed with important source #12 shot. At a distance of about ten ft (3 m), which is around the maximum effective range, the pattern is roughly 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter from a standard rifle. Special smoothbore shotguns, such as the Marlin Model 25MG can create effective patterns out to 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which maintain 1/8 ounce.

Poisoned bait is a common way of controlling rats, rats, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other insects. The fundamental granules, or alternative formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so the workers have time to take the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent additional egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for both slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and family pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance for this anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 These are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up frequently.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals such as wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses nevertheless kill a wide range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a structure to kill pests like wood-boring beetles by sealing it surrounding it with an airtight cover like a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, typically of 2472 hours. This is expensive and inconvenient as the structure cannot be used during the treatment, however, it targets all life stages of insects.33.

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An alternative, space treatment, is fogging or misting to distribute a liquid insecticide in the atmosphere within a building without evacuation or sterile sealing, allowing most operate within the building to continue, at the cost of decreased penetration. Contact insecticides are generally utilized to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of insect insects can at times be radically reduced by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a pest, sterilising it by means of X-rays or some other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It's particularly helpful where a female only mates once and in which the insect does not disperse widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, a few species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.